PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.
